Grease-cup.



C. C. EARLYWINE.

GREASE CUP.

APPLICATION men JULY 3!. 1914,

' Patented Mar. '7, 1916. f 3 SHEETSFSHEETI C. C. EARLYWINE.

GREASE CUP.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 31, 1914.

1,174,481 Patented Mar. 7,1916.

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At t orney s'rarns PATENT E OHIO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF T0 HENRY J.

HEILKER, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

GREASE-CUP.

Specification of Letters Patent. I Patented 7, 19 16.

Application filed Ju1y31, 1914'. Serial No. 854,388.

To all whom it mag concern Be it known that LOLIFFORD C. EARLY- WINE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new. and useful Improvements in Grease-Cups, of which the following is a specification. My invention relates to lubricating means; and the object is to provide means for applying hard grease to bearings.

My invention consists in the parts andin the details of construction and arrangement of parts as will hereinafter be more fully described and claimed.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a plan View of a grease cup embodying my invention;

Fig. 2.is a similar view of the grease cup.

body; Fig. 3is a vertical cross'section on the line w-m of Fig. 1; Fig. i is a similar cross section on the line y z of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a side elevation of a grease cup embodying a modification of my invention; Fig. 6 is a vertical cross section on the line 2-2 of Fig.

5; Fig. 7 is a plan view of modification inwhich the cap is dispensed with; Fig. 8 is a vertical cross section on the line v-o of Fig. 7 Fig. 9 is a-detail perspective view of the key such as provided in the constructions shown in Figs. 1 toS, inclusive; Fig. 10' is a vertical cross sectional view of a further modification; Fig. 11 is across section on the line toe w of Fig. 10; and Fig. 12 is a vertical sectional view of a still further modification.

The body' 1 of the grease cup has the exteriorly threaded shank 2 which is screwed tightly into a correspondingly tapped recess in the bearing on which the grease cup is to be used. The interior of the body 1 is a straight cylindrical'bore of considerable diameter from the bottom of which a small bore 3 leads down through the shank 2. Thus, the grease contained in the bore of the cup 1 may pass therefrom into the bearing that is to be lubricated.

To facilitatethe passage of the grease into wrench for screwing the cup into the bear- ;lng.

Fitting into the cylindrical bore of the body 1 18 a plunger 7, upward from which extends a hollow stem 8 of considerable interior diameten Diametrically opposite, in .the walls of this hollow stem 8, are longitudinal. slots 9, terminating close to the top and bottom of the stem, and these slots (serve to admit and guide a key 10. This key 10 comprises a vertical shank 11 of rectangular cross section joined to the bottom of which are transverse pawl members 12 which extend out through the slots 9, whereby the key is guided as before alluded to.

Fitting down over the plunger 7 and its stem 8 is a cap 13, having internal threads 14: in its lower part, by means of which it is screwed onto external threads 15 on the upper part of the body 1. The upper edges or rim of the hollow stem 8 receive the inner lower side of the top of this cap 13, and when the' cap 13 is screwed down on the body 1 it forces the plunger? downward in the bore of said body, thereby forcing the grease out through the small bore 8 through the shank 2. v

The rectangular shank 11 of the key 10 extends through a rectangular opening16 in the top of the cap 13 andis thus caused to turn with the cap when the cap is being v screwed down on the body of the cup. Since the transverse pawl members 12v extend through the slots 9 in the hollow stem 8 of vthe plunger 7, the Yplunger will also be of the cup body 1 is provided with a series of ratchet teeth 17 which receive the pawl members 12 of the key 10 where they extend through the slots 9 of the plunger stem 8. As here shown, siX such teeth are provided, and they are of moderate height so that the length of each tooth around the cup is great relative to its height. To properly ride over these teeth, each pawl member 12 is cut away on its respective front side, but the rear side is left intact, presenting substantially a right angle infront of the tooth. To force the key down but to allow it to yield upward as the pawl members ride over the ratchet teeth in screwing the cap onto the cup body, a helical spring 18 is compressed between the upper sides of the pawl members and the lower inner side of the top of the cap 13 inside the hollow stem 8.

The cap 13 has, on its exterior, near its top, a knurled surface 13 by which it may be grasped by the hand for turning it to screw it down on the cup or to unscrew it therefrom. For screwing the cap down on the cup body to force the grease into the bearing, it is merely necessary to turn the cap, for the key will automatically ride over the teeth 17; but unscrewingthe cap 13 is prevented, because the key will not ride over the teeth 17 when turned in the other direction. Thus, the unscrewing of the cap 13, due to vibration of the machinery on which the cup is used, will be prevented.

In order to remove the cap 13 for filling the cup, it is necessary to engage the key 10 and pull it up against the pressure of the helical soring 18 until its pawl members 12 cannot engage with the teeth 17 on the upper edge of the cup body 1. To restrict the vibration tending to raise the key from the teeth it is necessary, in most cases, that the spring 18 be very strong, and to enable a sufliciently firm grasp upon the key 10 to raise it against the pressure of such a spring, the key requires some kind of handle. I prefer to provide this handle by splitting the upper end of the shank 11, forming two prongs 19 which are bent outward in opposite directions and preferably somewhat curved so that they present concave sides downward. These prongs, thus formed, are adapted to hook over the fingers while the fingers reach down and grasp the knurled part 13 of the cap to turn it, whereby an upward bowing of the fingers at the same time raises the key 10 from the teeth 17 to permit the turning. hen the cap .13 is entirely unscrewed from the body 1, the plunger 7 and spring 18 contained therein will be held to the cap 13 by the key 10, so that all of these parts will be sep-' arated from the body 1 without special attention, but will be held together while thus separated, and their liability of being lost will thus be greatly reduced. Such provision is especially important where the filling of the cups must be done by unskilled workmen who are not ver 7 careful of the parts of device. \Vith the parts thus held together their return to position on the cup body 1 is also facilitated.

lVhere it may be desired to relieve the hand of the operator of the eflfort'required to hold the key 10 up while unscrewing the cap, the shank 11 of the key may have a transverse hole 20 which may come above the upper surface of the top of the cap 13 and have a suitable object inserted therethrough to engage with the top of the cap and hold the key up. As shOWn in Figs. 3, 4 and 6 a resilient stop 21 is let into a groove that extends up from the hole 20, in one side of the shank 11, to another holc which receives a transverse part 2-1- of the resilient stop 21 tightly, while said stop 21 has another transverse part 25 that extends into the hole 20. This resilient stop 21 will be forced down into the groove 22 to pass up through the top of the cap 13 or 13, but as soon as it has entirely passed through the cap its end with the transverse part 25 will spring out and en age with the top of the cap. I

The modification shown in Figs. 5 and 6 comprises the cup body 1 with the shank 2 and the bore 3'and counter-bore 1, exterior flanges 5 and opposite flat surfaces 6.

The plunger 7 is like that in the preceding example, and the hollow stem 8 of the plunger is similar to the one before described, having the lateral slots 9, except that the upper end or rim has an annular undercut groove 26 forming a shoulder and a neck on the upper part of the stem 8 which neck is embraced by the lowermost coil of a helical spring 27 with this coil bearing down on the shoulder, and the upper end of which spring bears against the lower inner side of the cap 13, which is like the cap 13 hereinbefore described, except that it is higher to accommodate the spring 27 above the plunger stem 8. This cap has internal threads 1 1 screwed onto the external threads 15 of the cup body 1. The key 10 is like the one in the preceding example except that its shank 11 is longer. It has the pawl members 12 and its shank 11, which is of rectangular cross section, passes through a rectangular opening 16 in the top of the cap 13, while the upper edge of the cup body 1 has the teeth 17 with which the pawl members 12 engage. Inside the hollow stem 8, the helical spring 18 is confined between the pawl members 12 and the inner lower side of the top of the cap 13, said spring 18 being like that of the preceding example except that it is longer in accordance with the increased height of the cap 13. The upper end of the shank 11 of the key 10 has the prongs 19 formed in the manner hereinbefore described. The resilient stop'21, with accompanying details, is provided on the shank 11 of the key 10.

In the modification shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the cup 1 has the shank 2 with the bore 3 and countersink P. The bottom part 5 has flattened sides 6 for applying a wrench to screw the shank 2 into the bore. The plunger 7 a has a hollow stem 8 with slots 9; and a key 10* with shank 11 has pawl members 12 being similar to the keys of the previous examples. The top of the hollow stem 8 is closed by acover 13 The plunger 7, instead of being smooth which is a on its periphery, has threads 14*; and the in terior of the cup 1, instead of being smooth, has threads 15 which receive the threads of the plunger. The upper part of the stem 8 preferably has radial handles 13 to grasp for turning the plunger and screwing it down or up in the cup. The cover 13 has a rectangular opening 16, through which the square shank 11 of the key 10 extends, and by. means of which the key is'caused to turn with the plunger and its stem, said key riding over the teeth 17 that are provided on the rim of the cup 1. The helical spring 18 surrounds the shank of the key inside the hollow stem 8, bearing down against the pawl members 12 and up against the under side of the cover 13. In assembling the device, the key is inserted from the side through one of the slots 9*; then the spring 18 is placed in from the open top of the stem 8, after which the cover 13 is inserted and rests on an annular shoulder 31 in the interior of the stem and is held down by an annular extension 32 on the rim of the stem, which extension is bent down all around over the cover 13, holding it'permanently. As here shown, the upper end of the key is not provided with the prongs 19, but these may be provided in this modification if desired. The shank 11 of the key merelyhas the opening 20 to receive means to bear on the upper side of the cover 13 and hold the key up. This means may be any suitable slender instrument, such as a piece of wire or rawhide. It will be understood that the resilient stop 21 may be used here if desired. This construction may be used when the protection of the cap 13 shown in Figs. 1 to 4L, inclusive, may not be needed, as for indoor use where the device will not be affected by the weather.

The modification shown in Fig. 10 is similar to that shown in Fig. 8 in having the inside of the cup and the plunger threaded, but the key is considerably modified. The cup 1 has the exterior threads '2" on its lower part and a short bore 3* through the bottom and provided 'with the countersink 1 this lower part of the cup being screwed into the bearing. Above the threads, the cup has a flange 5" with flattened sides 6*. The plunger 7 has a stem 8 which is not hollow, but merely has the slot 9 diametrically through it, to receive the key 10",

transverse member corresponding to the pawl members of the preceding xam'ples, and without a stem. It may be provided with shoulders 11 on its top near its ends to guide the lower end of the spring that holds it down, and may have lugs 12 on its sides near its ends to flank the stem 8' at each side of the slot 9, thus preventing endwise displacement of the key. So that the key may be inserted into this slot 9, the slot is continued down into the pluntop of the slot by the spring.

ger 7", cutting through the'threads of the plunger at the side, and having at its bottom a lateral recess 33 permitting the lugs 12 to pass, so that the key may be inserted endwise and then slide up away from this recess 33, as shown in Fig. 10. The upper end of threads of the plunger 7", and its internal diameter is therefore considerably greater than the diameter of the stem 8 and it is the purpose of the bead13 to center the s rin 18 at the to while the spring is p a: P:

centered at the bottom by the shoulders 11 on the top of the key 10, before mentioned.

The further modification shown in Fig. 12 comprises the cup 1, with the shank 2 having the bore 3 and countersink 4, and

with its bottom 5 provided with flat sides 6. The plunger 7 has the stem 8, which is not hollow, but is provided with a slot 9 extending transversely through it and running longitudinally of it, with a key 10 fitting in it and held therein by lateral lugs 12 near its ends. The recess 33 that admits the key 10 is here placed near the top of the stem, with enough of the slot 9 extending thereabove to receive a T-handle 13, that is similar to the key. 10 in having lateral lugs 13 at its ends. is slipped in through the recess 33 and then down in the slot 9. Then the spring is applied and the T-handle 13 inserted through the recess 33 and forced up to the The plunger has threads 1 1 engaging with threads 15 inside the cup- 1, and the key 10is held down to ride on the teeth 17 of the. rim of the cup by means of the helical spring 18, which, bearing. up against the Thandle 13, maintains this handle in-its proper position. a

The modifications shown in Figs. 10 and 11, and the one shown in Fig. 12, and just described, are more suitable for inexpensive constructions.

In those modifications where the springs are in'closed by the cap, thesprings may be of steel, preferably piano wire; but in the modifications where the springs are exposed, I prefer to use a brass or bronze wire which will not be corroded so readily. V

In all of the examples, the plunger preferably has its lower surface concave as shown, so as toiconcentrate the grease to- The key 10 I ward the center of the bottom of the cup to readily enter the small bore 3 through the counterbore' 4.

In the examples shown in Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, the plunger generally requires no packing other than that afforded by some f the grease collected in an annular groove 28 or 28, around the periphery of the plunger 7 or 7 respectively. Preferably, in these examples, the rectangular opening 16 fits in the cap closely so that atmospheric pressure is not readily renewed in the interior of the upper part of the cup after the plunger descends and this minimizes the tendency of large quantities of grease to suddenly run out into the bearing during the rise in temperature. This observation also applies to the corresponding parts in the examples shown in Figs. 4: and 5.

To facilitate the application of the cap 13 or 13 to the cup 1 or 1', I prefer to make the rim of the cup as well as the lower part 3st or 3% of the cap void of threads for a short distance from the edge of the rim of the cup and the lower edge of the cap, respectively. The part of the rim of the cup thus made void of threads has the ratchet teeth out in it as shown. It is especially important to thus provide for readily applying the cap to the cup, where the filling of the cups must be done in places where there is little or no light, and where'the necessity of carefully starting threads that begin abruptly at the edges of the respective parts would entail delay, as well as damage to the parts. Likewise in the modifications shown in Figs. 7 to 12, inclusive, the rim of the cup is relieved, and the lower end of the plunger 7 7 or 7 as the case may be, is relieved or made void of threads for the above reasons.

V here the key with a shank and transverse pawl members is used, as in Figs. 1 to 8, inclusive, it is desirable to support it against lateral displacement at the bottom, and I therefore prefer to incline the tops of the teeth 17 radially inward and form the bottoms of the ends of the pawl members 12 accordingly. Such. formation, in conjunction with the constant pressure of the spring on the key, will prevent any slight lateral displacement which the bearing of the shank of the key above will not prevent. This is highly desirable in the modification shown in Figs. 7 and 8, because there is no cap to restrict the lateral movement of the key, and in the example shown in Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, it is important to prevent the ends of the pawl members of the key from engaging with the internal threads of the cap, because, if this is permitted, grooves will be worn across the threads in a short time as the cap travels up and down past the pawl members but with said pawl members turning with the cap.

The provision of the spring 27 between the plunger stem 8 and the inner under side of the top of the cap 13, as shown in Fig. 6, causes an automatic feeding of the plunger 7 downward as the grease passes into the bearing under the influences set up when the bearing is running, whereas in the example shown in Figs. 1 to st, inclusive, the pressure of the cap 13 on the plunger stem 8 is positive, and the plunger 7 will not be forced down to any great extent, except when the cap 13 is screwed down on the cup. Under many circumstances, this positive manipulation is suflicient, because the grease itself possesses considerable elasticity, and when put under pressure by forcing the plunger 7 down in the cup under the positive action of the cap 13 the grease will expand gradually through the bore 13 into the bearing. Such positive adjustment is superior to extended automatic operation or feeding, .)e cause a sudden rise in temperature of the bearing sufiicient to liquefy the grease in the cup will result, with the free automatic action of the mechanism of the cup, in forcing the entire contents out through the heated bearing, thus wasting the grease.

In view of the foregoing circumstances, where I provide automatic action in my improved grease cup, as shown in Fig. 5, 1 limit this action by making the spring 27 that provides it comparatively short, so that adjustment by turning the cap 13 is neces sary to renew the automatic action after the short spring 27 has expanded to its full extent. Under some circumstances it will be advisable to make the spring 27 even shorter in proportion than it is shown herein; or of course where more automatic action is demanded, the spring 27 may be made longer in proportion to the other parts. The amount of automatic action allowed will.

' properly be governed by the frequency with which the bearing upon'which the cup is used becomes excessively heated. For well designed and well fitted bearings the positively adjustable cup shown in Figs. 1 to a is most suitable, as providing the full amount of lubrication required at all times, including slight periods of heating, without liability to waste the grease during momentary rise of temperature of the bearing.

My improved grease cup whether positive or automatic is especially adapted for use on the connecting rods of locomotives, to lubricate the crank pin bearings, where both the rapidity and amplitude of vibration to which the cup is subjected results in the disruption of ordinary structures heretofore applied. The ratchet locking means herein set forth may be of such simple and heavy construction that it will effectively resist the disruptive action, and at the same time may be readily manipulated by the hand without the use of any tools. The cup body may be very tightly secured to the connecting rod by means of its threaded shank 2, and may, in addition, be brazed or welded to the rod, so that it becomes permanent thereon; and since the ratchet holds the cap and the inclosed parts, and action of the cup is such as to avoid excessive forcing of the grease into the bearing under normal conditions, my invention eliminates the waste both of grease cup parts and of grease, both of which have heretofore been serious disadvantages in the operation of locomotives. These advantages of course also apply to stationary and marine engines as well as other machines or rolling stock where it is desired to use a hard grease or lubrication.

My improved cup may be used for lubrieating with soft grease, but is especially adapted for feeding the hard grease, such as is now greatly preferred for locomotive crank pin lubrication, and which grease is generally supplied in sticks, portions of are inserted into the cups.

Having fully described certain examples. of my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, means for engagement between the plunger and the cup whereby the plunger may be forced down in the cup, and rigid ratchet means rigidly holding the plunger against upward movement in the cup.

2. In a device of the character described,

' a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, means for engagement between the plunger and the cup whereby the plunger may be forced down in the cup, the rim of the cup having ratchet teeth thereon, and a key engaging with the plunger and with said ratchet teeth, to hold the plunger against upward movement in the cup.

3. In a device of the character described, amp with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, means for engagement between the plungerand the cup whereby the plunger may be forced down inthe cup, the, rim of the cup having ratchet teeth thereon, said lun 'erturnin in the on when it isforced down therein or moves up therein, and a key turnmg with the plunger and enga ging wlth the ratchet teeth to hold the plunger against turning, whereby the plunger is held against upward movement in theicup.

4. In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting there in, means for engagement between the plunger and the cup whereby the plunger may be forced down in the cup, the rim'of the cup having ratchet teeth thereon, said plunger turning in the cup when it is forced down therein or moves up therein, a stem on said plunger, and a key guided by said stem, said key and said plunger being caused to turn together by said stem-and said key engaging with said ratchet teeth.

5. In a deviceof the characterdescribed,

a cupwith an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, means for 1 engagement between the plunger and the cup whereby the plunger may be forced down in the cup, the rim of I the cup having ratchet teeth thereon, said plunger turnlng 1n the cup when it 1s forced down therein or moves up therein, the upper art of said alun er havin a transverse whereby the in, a cap movable down on the cup, operative connectlon whereby the cap forces the v plunger down into the .cup, and ratchet means holding the cap against upward movement on the cup.

7. In a device of the character described, a cup with an'outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap movable down on the :cup, operative connection whereby. the cap 1 forces the plunger down into the cup, the rim of said cup having ratchet teeth thereon, and a key engaging with the ratchet teeth and with movement on the cup.

8. In a device ofthe'character described,

the cap, to hold the cap against upward a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap movable down on the cup, operative connection whereby the cap forcesthe plunger down into the cup, the rim of's'aid cup having ratchet teeth thereon, a key comprising a shank extendlng through said a cap and havingpawl members engaging;

with: the operative connection from the cap to the plunger, said cap'and said key comprising means whereby the key turns with the cap, and engaging with the ratchet teeth on the cup to prevent upward movement of the cap 'on the cup, and yieldable means to cause engagement of said pawl members with said teeth. l

a cup with an outlet, a plungerw fitting therem, a cap threaded onto the exterior oflthe cup to be moved up or down thereon by turning, a stem on thejplunger andmeans on said stem engaglngwlth the inner under.

side of the top ofthe cap, wherebythecap may force the plunger down in the cup, and, ratchet means engaging with the cap and upward on the cup.

' 9. In a device of thecharacter described,

with the cup to prevent moving ofthe cap 10. In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fittingtherein, a cap threaded onto the exterior of the cup to be moved up or downthereon by turning, a stem on the plunger and means on saidstem engaging with the inner under side ofthe top of the cap, whereby the cap may force the plunger down in the cup, the

rim of the cup having ratchet teeth thereon, and a key comprising a shank extending through the top of the cap, and pawl members engaging with the ratchet teeth to prevent moving of the cap upward on the cup, said cap and said key comprising 'means whereby the key turns with the cap, and yieldable means to cause engagement of said pawl members with said teeth.

11. In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap threaded onto the exterior of the cup to be moved up or down thereon by turning, a stem on the plunger and means on said stem engaging with the inner under side of the top of the cap, whereby the cap may force the plunger down in the cup, the rim of the cup having ratchet teeth thereon, a key comprising a shank extending through the top of the cap and members engaging with the ratchet teeth, said cap and said key comprising means whereby the key turns with the cap, and a helical spring compressed between said pawl members and the inner under side of the top of the cap.

12. In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap threaded onto the exterior of the cup to be moved up or down thereon by turning, a stem on the plunger and means on said stem engaging with the inner side of the top of the cap, whereby the cap may force the plunger down in the cup, said stem of said plunger being hollow longitudinally of the cup, and having longitudinal slots in its walls, the rim of the cup having ratchet teeth thereon, a key comprising a shank within the hollow stem of the plunger and pawl members extending through the slots in said stem and engaging with the ratchet teeth on the rim of the cup, to prevent moving of-the cap upward on the cup, said cap and said key comprising means whereby the 7 key turns with the cap, and yieldable means causing the pawl members to engage with the ratchet teeth to prevent moving of the cap upward on the cup.

18. In a device of the character described,

a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap threaded onto the exterior of the cup to be moved up or down thereon by turning, a stem on the plunger and means on said stem engaging with the inner under side of the top of the cap, whereby the cap may force the plunger down in the cup, said stem of said plunger being hollow longitudinally of the cup, and having longitudinal slots in its walls, the rim of the cup having ratchet teeth thereon, a key comprising a shank within the hollow stem of the plunger and pawl members through the slots in said stem and engaging with the ratchet teeth on the rim of the cup, to prevent moving of the cap upward on the cup, said cap'a'nd said key comprising means extending whereby'the key turns with the cap, and a helical spring inside the hollow stem around the shank of the key and compressed between the pawl members and the inner under side of the top of the cap to yieldably hold the pawl members in engagement with the ratchet teeth to prevent moving of tie cap upward on the cup.

14. In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap movable down over the cup, and yieldable operative connection whereby the cap forces the plunger down into the cup, and ratchet means holding the cap against upward movement on the cup.

15. In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap movable down over the cup, yieldable operative connection whereby the cap forces the plunger down into the cup the rim-of said cup having ratchet teeth thereon, and a key engaging with the ratchet teeth and with the cap, to hold the cap against upward movement on the cup.

16. In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap movable down over the cup, yieldable operative connection whereby the cap forces the plunger down into the cup, the rim of said cup having ratchet teeth thereon, a key comprising a shank extending through said cap and having pawl members engaging with the operative connection from the cap to the plunger, said cap and said key having means whereby the key turns with the cap, and engaging with the ratchet teeth on the cup to prevent upward movement of th cap on the cup, and yieldable means to cause engagement of said pawl members with said teeth.

17. in a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap threaded onto the exterior of the cup to be moved up or down thereon by turning, a spring compressed between the plunger and the inner under side of the top of the cap, whereby the cap may yieldably force the plunger down in the cup, and positively engaging means to positively prevent turning of said cap to move it up on said cup.

' 18. In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap threaded onto the exterior or" the cup to be moved up or down thereon by turning, a stem on the plunger, a spring compressed between the plunger and the inner under side of the top of the cap, whereby the cap may yieldably force the plunger down in the cup, and ratchet means engaging with the cap and with the cup to prevent moving of the cap upward on the cup.

19. In a device of the character described, a cap with an outlet, a plunger fitting there walls, a helical spring engaging with the upper end or rim of the hollow stem and compressed between it and the inner under side of the top of the cap, whereby the capmay yieldably force the plunger down in the cup, a key comprisinga shank within the hollow stem of the plunger, and surrounded by said helical spring, and pawl 1 members extending through the slots in said stem, the rim of the cup having ratchet teeth thereon with which said pawl members engage where they extend through the slots in the stem, said cap and said key comprising means whereby the key turns with the cap, and yieldable means causing the pawl members to engage with the ratchet teeth to prevent moving or'. the cap upward on the cup.

20. In a device of the character described, a cap with an outlet, a plunger fitting there in, a cap threaded onto the exterior ofthe cup to be moved up or down thereon by turning, a longitudinally hollow stem'on the plunger, having longitudinal slots in its walls, a helical spring engaging with the upper end or rim of the hollow stem and compressed between it and the inner under side of the top of the cap, whereby the cap may yieldably force the plunger down in the cup, a key comprising a shank within the hollow stem of the plunger, and surrounded by said helical spring, and pawl members extending through the slots in said stem, the

rim of the cup having ratchet teeth'thereon with which said pawl members engage where they extend through the slots in the stem, said cap and said key comprisingwmeans whereby the key turns with the cap, and another helical spring inside the "hollow stem and inside the aforementioned helical spring around the shank of the key and compressed between the pawl members and the inner under side of the top of the cap to yieldably hold the pawl members in engagement with the ratchet teeth to-prevent mov ing of the cap upward on the cup.

21. In a device of the character, described, Y

a cup withan outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap threaded onto the exterior of the cup to be moved up or down thereon by turnin a key comprising a shank of rectangular cross section, and pawl members extending transversely therefrom and engaging with the ratchet teeth, said cap having in its top, anopening of rectangular cross section through which the shank of the key extends,

causing the key to turn with the cap and to successively engage its pawl members with said ratchet teeth to prevent moving ofthe cap upward on the cup, and yieldable means to cause engagement of saidipawl members with said teeth.

22. In a device of the character described,-

a cup with an outlet, a plunger 'fitting therein, a cap threaded onto the exterior of the cup to be moved up or down thereon by turning, a stem on the plunger and means on said stem engaging with. the inner under side of the top of the cap, whereby the cap may force the plunger down in the cup, the rim of the cup having ratchet teeth thereon, a' key comprising a shank of rectangular cross section, and pawl members extending" transversely'therefrom and engaging with the ratchet teeth, said cap having in its top, an opening of rectangular cross section through which the shank of the key extends, causing the key to turn with the cap and to. successively engage its V'pawl members with said ratchet'teeth to prevent moving of the cap upward on the cup, and a helical spring compressed between said pawl members and the innerunder side of the top of the cap; I 5

28. In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap threaded onto the exterior oftheb cup to be moved up or down thereon by turning, a stem on the plungerand means 011 said stem engaging with-the inner under side of the top of the cap, whereby thefcap may force the plunger down in the cup, said stem of said plungerbeing hollow longitudinally of the cup and having longitudinal slots in its walls, the rim of the cup having ratchet teeth thereon, a keycomprising a shank of rectangular cross section within the hollow stem of the plunger, andpawl menr bers extending laterally from the lower end of the shank through they slots in said, stem and engaging with the ratchet teeth on the rimof the cup, the cap having inits top,

an opening of rectangular cross sectionthrough which the shank of the key extends,

and whereby the key turns with the cap, and yieldable means causing the pawl members to, engage with the ratchet teethto prevent moving of the cap upward on thecup. i 24:. In a device of theicharacter described,

a cup with an outlet,aplunger fitting therein, a cap threaded onto the exterior of the cup to be moved up, or down thereon by turning, a stem on the plunger andmeans on said stem engaging with the inner under side ofthe top ofthe cap,'whereby-the cap may force the plunger downin the cup, said stem of saidplunger being hollow longitudinally of the cup and havinglongitudinal slots in its walls, the rim of the cup having ratchet teeth thereon, a key comprising a shank of rectangular cross'section within the hollow stem ofthe plunger, and pawl members extending laterally from the'lower end of the shank through the slots in said stem and engaging with the ratchet teeth on the rim of the cup, the cap having in its top, an opening of rectangular cross section through which the shank of the key extends, and whereby the key turns with the cap, and a helical spring inside the hollow stem around the shank of thekey and compressed between the pawl members and the inner under side of the top of the cap to yieldably hold the pawl members in engagement with the ratchet teeth to prevent moving of the cap upward on the cup.

25. In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting there in, a cap threaded onto the exterior of the cup to be moved up or down thereon by turning, a stem on the plunger and means on said stem engaging with the inner under side of the top of the cap, whereby the cap may force the plunger down in the cup, therim of the cup having ratchet teeth thereon, and a key comprising a shank extending through the top of the cap, and pawl members engaging with the ratchet teeth to prevent moving of the cap upward on the cup, said cap and said key comprising means whereby the key turns with the cap, and

yieldable means to cause engagement of said pawl members with said teeth, the part of said shank that extends above the top of the cap being split, forming two prongs which are bent oppositely outwardly, forming finger-engaging means, and preventing withdrawal of the key from the cap when the cap is removed from the cup.

26. In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap threaded onto the exterior of the cup to be moved up or down thereon by turning, a stem on the plunger and means on said stem engaging with the inner under side of the top of the cap, whereby the cap may force the plunger down in the cup, said stem of said plunger being hollow longitudinally of the cup, and having longitudinal slots in its walls, the rim of the cup having ratchet teeth thereon, a key comprlsing a shank within the hollow stem of the plunger and pawl members extending through the slots in said stem and engaging with the ratchet teeth on the rim of the cup to prevent moving of. the cap upward on the cup, said cap and said key comprising means whereby the key turns with the cap, yieldable means causing the pawl members to engage with the ratchet teeth to prevent moving of the cap upward on the cup, the part of said shank that extends above the top of the cap being split, forming two prongs which are bent oppositely outwardly, forming finger-engaging means, and preventing withdrawal of the key from the cap when the cap is removed from the cup.

27. In a device of the character described, a cupwith an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap threaded onto the exterior of the cup to be moved up or down thereon by turning, a stem on the plunger and means on said stem engaging with the inner under side of the top of the cap, whereby the cap may force the plunger down in the cup, the rim of the cup having ratchet teeth thereon, a key comprising a shank of rectangular cross section, and pawl members extending transversely therefrom and engaging with the ratchet teeth, said cap having in its top, an opening of rectangular cross section through which the shank of the key extends, causing the key to turn with the cap and to successively engage its pawl members with said ratchet teeth to prevent moving of the cap upward on the cup, yieldable means to cause engagement of said pawl members with said teeth, the part of said shank that extends above the top of the cap being split, forming two prongs which are bent oppositely outwardly, forming finger-engaging means, and preventing withdrawal of the key from the cap when the cap is removed from the cup.

In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap threaded onto the exterior of the cup to be moved up or down thereon by turning, a stem on the plunger and means on said stein with the inner under side of the top of the cap, whereby the cap may force the plunger down in the cup, said stem of said plunger being hollow longitudinally of the cup and having longitudinal slots in its walls, the rim of the cup having ratchet teeth thereon, a key comprising a shank of rectangular cross section within the hollow stem of the plunger, and pawl members extending laterally from the lower end of the shank through the slots in said stem and engaging with the ratchet teeth on the rim of the cup, the cap having in its 7 top, an opening of r ctangular cross section through which the shank of the key extends, and whereby the key turns with the cap, yieldable means causing the pawl members to en age with the ratchet teeth to prevent moving of the cap upward on the cup, the part of said shank that extends above the top of the cap being split. forming two prongs which are bent oppositely outwardly, forming finger-engaging means, and preventing withdrawal of the key from the cap when the cap is removed from the cup.

.29. In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, means to force material. from the cup through the outlet, au tomatic actuating means for the forcing means with range of automatic operation less than the range of operation of the foreing means,a screw to advance the actuating means to renew its activity on the forcing means, and: a ratchet tolprevent reces'sion of renew its activitv on the plunger. 7

31. In a device of the character described,

a cup with an outlet, a plunger fittingtherein, a cap movable down over the cup, a spring interposed between therplunger and the cap to automatically force the plunger down in the cup, but the range of action of said spring being less than the range of the plunger in the cup, and said cap, by moving down on the cup, advancing said spring to renew its activity on the plunger, and ratchet means holding the cap against upward movement on the cup. I

32. In a device of the characterdescribed, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap movable down over the cup, a sprin interposed between the plunger and the cap to automatically force the plunger down in the cup, but the range of action of said spring being less than the range of the plunger in the cup, and said cap, by moving down on the cup, advancing said spring'to renew its activity on the plunger, the rim of said cup having ratchet teeth thereon, and a key engaging with the ratchet teeth and with the cap, to hold the cap against upward movement on the cup.

33. In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap movable down 'over the cup, a spring interposed between the plunger and the canto automatically force the plunger down in the cup, but'the range of action of said spring being less than the range of the plunger in the cup, and said cap, by moving down on the cup, advancing said spring to renew its activity on the plunger, the rim of the cup having ratchet teeth thereon, said plunger turning in the cup when it is forced down therein or moves up therein, and a key turning with the plunger and engaging with the ratchet teeth to hold the plunger against turning, whereby the plunger is held against upward movement in the cup.

34. In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap movable down over the cup, a spring interposed between the plunger and the cap to automatically force the plunger.

down in the cup, but the range of action "of said spring being lessthan the range'of the plunger in the cup,'and 'said cap,'by moving down on the cup, advancing said spring to renew its activity on the plunger, the rim of the cup, having ratchet teeth thereon, said plunger turning in'the cup when it is forced down therein ormoves up therein, and, a

kev turnin with the )lun er and'en 'a in v i) 15 D t? with the ratchet teeth to hold the plunger against turning,'whereby the plunger is held against upward movement in the cup, the shankoi said key being of rectangular cross section, and. said cap having an 7 opening where the, shank extends through, of rectangular cross section, whereby the key 'is caused to turn, with the cap, said springbetween the plunger and the cap surrounding I the shank of the key.

35. In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap movable down on the cup, operative connection whereby the cap forces the plunger down into the cup, ratchet means holding the cap against upward movement on the cup, and a stop on said ratchet means mit said cap tomove upward on the cup.

37 In a device of the character described, a cup with an outlet, a plunger fitting therein, a cap movable down on the cup, operative connection whereby the cap forces the plunger down into the cup, the rim of said cup having ratchet teeth thereon, a key engaging with the ratchet teeth and with the cap, to hold the cap against upward movement on the cup, said key having two holes in its side and a groove joining the holes, 5

and a stop consisting of a resilient piece having a part fixed in one of the holes, another part extending over to the other hole, and a part extending into this other hole, the part extending over being adapted to come within said groove, and thus allow the entire stop to travel with the key past the region of its engagement with the cap, and said stop being adapted to then spring out to withhold it and permit the upward moveof the groove and engage with the cap to l withhold the key from the ratchet teeth and permit upward movement of the cap on the cup. 1

38. In a device of the character described,

, a cup with an outlet, 'a plunger fitting therein, a cap threaded onto the exterior of the cup to be moved up or down thereon by turning, a stem on the plunger and means on said stem engaging with the inner under side of the top of the cap, whereby the cap may force the plunger down in the cup, the

rim oi the cup having ratchet teeth thereon,

a key comprising a shank of rectangular cross section, and pawl members extending transversely therefrom and engaging with the ratchet teeth, said cap having in its top, an opening of rectangular cross section through which the shankof'the key extends, causing the key to turn with the cap and to successively engage its pawl members with said ratchet teeth to prevent moving of the cap upward on the cup, y-i'eldable .means to cause engagement of said pawl 1 opening in the top of the cap, and the downwardly extending part of the stop and the part extending into the lower hole of the LI'MASJ shank being adapted to spring out and engage with the, top oiithe cups after the stop haspassed through the opening therein, and

therebywithhold the key; from the ratchet teeth. against. pressure of the yieldable means, and permit turning of the cap to move it upward.

i 39; In a device ofthe character described a cup. having an outlet, and means to force material through the outlet, threads on the cup adjacent to its rim, and threads on the material-forcing means engaging with the threads onthe. cup, "but said cup being void" of threads for some distance down iirom its rim, whereby the application of said material-forcing means to the cup is facilitated, said partof the cup that is void 0t threads being cut to form ratchet teeth therearound, and a key engaging with the material-forcing means and with said teeth to; prevent turning of said means to move it upward on -the cup; after it is applied to the cup;

GLIFFOgR'D. G. EARLYWINE. Witnesses:

M JAMES N; RAMSEY, CLArnNcn Pnnnnw.

Copies 91 this patent may be obtained, for; five cents each, a lq nessing, the Commissioner of Patents. waslgiz gtonap, G33 

